species

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.: Bruguiera gymnorhiza
.: Pelliciera rhizophorae
.: Rhizophora mangle
.: Rhizophora stylosa

Familie: Sonneratiaceae

Sonneratia alba

Apple Mangrove

- introduction

- distribution

- cultivation

- roots

- leaves

- flowers

- fruits

- seeds

- trunk

- soil

- growth

- usage

the plant can be grown in an aquarium/a pot/or in a terrarium
tolerates fresh water / brackish water / salt water
grows well in pots (needs sand, mud, humidity and moderate amounts of light)
maximum height: 15 meters
not winter proof

introduction

This mangrove develops some of the most beautiful blossoms just like the Barringtonia asiatica. The main difference to Barringtonia asiatica is that the mangrove apple develops splendid aerial roots and grows directly on the coast in the ocean. The appearance of the blossoms are very mysterious since they blossom at night and are dropped the following morning.

distribution

This type of mangrove is often found with the Avicennia marina as well as the Rhizophora mucronata and the Rhizophora stylosa. Very often, however, the apple mangrove grows in areas where only the Sonneratia types are found and consequently form a small mangrove forest along the coast. This type of mangrove is found in Africa, Madagascar, up to Southeast Asia, in Australia and Micronesia.

cultivation

roots

Magnificent over-ground root system. This type of mangrove develops conical (cone-shaped), thick aerial roots that are also called peg roots! This roots can thanks to an ultra-filtering system separate salt from water, so that the plant takes up the water and can determine how much salt it consumes. Surplus salt is stored in the leaves and discarded along with them once they are dropped.

leaves

The leaves are about 7 cm long and often as wide, in other words they are chubby. New leaves appear as pairs never single. Surplus salt is stored in old leaves and then discarded! The top and bottom of the leave are very similar and hardly differ.

flowers

The blossoms are white and open themselves but only for one night in which they are pollinated by bats, like Eonycteris Spelaea, Macroglossus Minimus and Cynopterus Brachyotis. After that the splendor pomp is gone and the star-shaped container in which the fruit begins to grow is left.

fruits

This mangrove is named after its fruit, which looks like an apple. The fruit has a diameter of 4-5 cm that is kept in a star-shaped container in which the blossom had previously been kept. The 100-150 flat, white seeds that can swim are found inside the fruit that one might want to confuse with a seed.

seeds

The seeds are found, protected by the plant, in the interior of the plant. There are about 100-150 seeds per fruit. The seeds are white, flat-pressed seeds that can swim.

trunk

The trunk is covered with a wax layer, which presumably helps to protect the trunk from insects and other animals, as well as loss of water. The older trunk is brown to grayish in color and almost always slightly broken!

soil

This type of mangrove prefers muddy, marshy and nutritious earth.

growth

Height: up to 25 meters
Temperature: 20 – 40° Celsius
Ideal growing conditions: 30° C air temperature; 60-80% humidity; 70-90% sunlight
Grows directly on the beach or near coasts
Broken off branches or trimming the plant is not a problem and does not harm the tree.

usage

The leaves can be eaten cooked or raw.
From Africa to Malaysia as well as in Japan these fruits are eaten. They are said to taste like cheese.
In East-Africa the leaves are used to feed camels.
The wood, which is usually the case with mangrove trees, is used as firewood. It is not a preferred firewood, however, it produces a nice heat but leaves a lot of salt and ashes behind.
Since the apple mangrove’s wood is resistant against woodworms and all kinds of insects it is often used as construction wood for building ships, buttresses for bridges and houses.